Performed a factory reset last night, this did not resolve this issue. I will say though I did a little more trouble shooting and I might have figured it out.

I recently put a protective case on the phone that has a tempered glass screen protector. It could be that the tempered glass is somehow triggering the proximity sensor, making the phone think it's next to someone's head. Then with that sensor tripped and little to no light detected the phone thinks it's best to not turn of the screen.