You can try cloning the drive, however data recovery on an encrypted drive is difficult as you don’t know if the data is correct. Your only clue is that Xbox One use a custom version of NTFS so you might be able to identify data integrity using file system structures.
Data recovery for 1TB is going to cost thousands of dollars. I doubt anyone’s game progress would worth that much.
Also isn’t Xbox One game progress and purchase history synced to your account anyways? Have you tried to just log in on a different console to see if everything is there?