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Error 23 is a radio error; the only way to solve this problem is to replace the main board.

Error 23 means the radio is not responding to the main processor when it queries the version number. On the original iPhone, the radio was on a separate board, but on the later iPhones, everything is soldered to the main PCB and there's no way to fix the part. Occasionally, you will see somebody with a marginal part that works after a few tries (or with a fully charged battery, etc). For the most part, error 23 is unfixable and you will need to replace the main board.

Microsoft has some instructions on how to solve this problem (ignore the parts that talk about Office, you can still follow these instructions).

As long as the screen looks correct, you probably only need to replace the front touchscreen panel. iFixit has step-by-step installation instructions.

There are some solutions that try to fill in cracks, but I've never had any luck with them. iFixit has a guide to replace the bottom screen, that would probably be your best bet.

You should try replacing the battery.

The connector is soldered directly to the main board, and the main board was probably damaged when the connector was ripped off of it. Your device is likely not repairable, sorry.

Apple has some instructions on how to change the language back to English.

Try unplugging it and plugging it back in. Does the caps lock key turn on the caps lock light on the keyboard?

You might be able to use a pair of needlenose pliers to grab the screw head and twist it, or use a small pair of wire cutters and cut off the screw head.