In the early summer of 2018, you could buy an Apple Watch with built-in GPS, wireless payments, and speakers that buzz water out after a swim. Meanwhile, Katharine Berry was hustling to keep five-year-old watches with black and white screens alive.
Berry had worked for Pebble, maker of the first notable smartwatch. The company was acquired by Fitbit and shut down a year and a half earlier. Now Fitbit was turning off the servers that fed Pebbles apps, weather, and other useful data.
But Berry and a cadre of crafty enthusiasts, the Rebble Alliance, had prepared for this moment. They had archived Pebble’s web and development assets, opened up the devices’ firmware a bit, and worked with former Pebble and Fitbit developers inside a Discord channel. Berry, between jobs, sprinted for two weeks to code a replacement cloud infrastructure. She guessed that, if they could pull it off, maybe a thousand people, at most, would try it out.
One morning seven months later, Berry realized that Rebble had 100,000 accounts. Today, more than 212,000 accounts have been created—more than 10% of the two million Pebbles ever sold—and nearly 9,000 have subscribed. Press coverage certainly helped. But, really, it is Rebblers’ enthusiasm that keeps their watches running, precisely because Pebbles are not modern, in all the best ways.
“It goes out of its way to get out of my way,” said Joshua Wise, one of Rebble’s primary developers. “The Apple Watch … and Android Wear wanted you to interact with them, to make them the center of your life. The Pebble wants to not at all be part of your life, up until it does something useful for you, and then it lets you go back to your life.”
Rebble is an inspiring repair story, and the way Pebble enabled this second life is a path that every gadget manufacturer should strive to emulate. Pebble created an open (and open-source) environment for developers and enthusiasts. As a direct result, Rebble is saving thousands of gadgets from the bin and building a real community around dogged longevity. Keeping Pebbles running, in the face of much fancier options, knitted the community together.
From Grandpa Bike to Next Steve Jobs
Eric Migicovsky was studying abroad at the University of Delft, Netherlands in 2008. He fit in with his sturdy, reliable cruiser bike (known to locals as an opafiets, or sometimes “Grandpa bike”), but he knew he would crash if he kept checking his text messages while riding. In his dorm room, he patched together an Arduino controller, a few buttons, a battery, and the screen from a disassembled Nokia 3310. His first idea was a bike computer, but “someone was like, you should probably just make it a watch,” he later said.
Smartwatches weren’t a new idea—there had been expensive, wonky attempts before—but Migicovsky’s model arrived just as smartphones were taking over. The problem was no longer getting data to devices—now, it was humans surviving in a sea of data. Migicovsky’s first inPulse watch, built for BlackBerry phones, got him into startup bootcamp Y Combinator in 2011. He impressed founder Paul Graham, who said Migicovsky was most likely pick to be “the next Steve Jobs.”
Creating the next watch required a lot more money, and venture capitalists are notoriously cautious about hardware. So in the spring of 2012, Migicovsky turned to Kickstarter. Yet again, his timing was keen. Kickstarter projects were becoming not just a way to fund your cousin’s art project, but a viable option for pre-order funding. Months earlier, a video game and iPhone dock had broken the $1 million mark on the same day.
Pebble’s launch left Kickstarter’s records in the dust, raising $1 million in 28 hours and finishing with a new milestone for Kickstarter at the time—over $10 million.
First Mover Disadvantage
The first Pebble, shipped after delays in January 2013, is a plastic watch with a black and white e-paper screen. I was hesitant to recommend it in an initial review; just when I was starting to appreciate it, it broke on me. But the Pebble had multiple-day battery life, serious water resistance, an active developer following, and an always-on screen showing the time—a feature that Apple wouldn’t add to their smartwatch until six years later.
Pebble better established itself with the Steel in February 2014, which I rated the best smartwatch for most people at Wirecutter. Pebble had proven that people appreciated an alternative to constant phone-opening. But then came the inevitable: Apple debuted its Watch. Could Pebble perfect its device and broaden its appeal before Apple ate the entire field?
Migicovsky, then 28, argued to Wired the day after Apple’s announcement that, actually, the Apple Watch validated smartwatches as a whole; that Pebble would coexist as an affordable, Android-friendly alternative. The Kickstarter for the next Pebble, the Time, launched exactly two months before the Apple Watch would ship. The campaign still holds the record for the largest-ever Kickstarter at over $20 million. The Time, and its fancier Time Steel version, added a first-of-its-kind 64-color e-paper screen, voice dictation, and a novel, whimsically animated OS.
At the same time Pebble was breaking records and touting its indie appeal, the company had stopped being profitable. One company source told Business Insider that Apple’s brand “sucked up all the oxygen.” Pebble missed its sales goals in late 2015, and despite having another new model, the Pebble Time Round, Pebble’s Black Friday sales in 2015 were down from the year before. What followed were layoffs, a failed acquisition by Intel, and trouble finding more capital. Pebble’s final Kickstarter in May 2016 was, in effect, a bridge loan from its fans.
The next wave of Pebbles focused on fitness, something Apple was already pivoting toward with its second Watch, but Pebble didn’t have Apple’s money. After months of last-ditch fundraising attempts, Fitbit paid a scant $23 million for Pebble’s software assets and engineer hiring rights in December 2016. While Fitbit would not officially support Pebble’s customers, Migicovsky worked out a deal that would refund Kickstarter pre-orders, and, he hoped, keep the more than two million Pebbles sold, and their apps, working for as long as possible.
In hindsight, he nailed it. Pebble has been the most successful hardware company failure in history. Compare this to Revolv, whose acquisition by Nest led to an abrupt shutoff of smart homes around the world, or personal cloud device Lima, or, really, any Android device more than a couple years old.
The Panic Store
News of the shutdown shook the Pebble community. The official message was that Pebbles “will work normally for now,” but “Functionality or service quality may be reduced down the road.” Without web services from Pebble, watches would lose their app store, language packs, voice dictation, weather, and even the icons on their notifications. Nobody knew anything for sure, other than Pebble, the company, no longer existed. “We were all just freaking out,” said IShotJr, a longtime Pebble developer, hardware hacker, and community organizer, in a Discord chat. “We’re all just sitting on the Discord, panicking.”
From the rubble formed Rebble, a team of motivated fans, developers, and ex-employees, rushing to reproduce years of development in a matter of days. Frantic to document critical APIs and development tools before the servers shut off, they grabbed everything they could. The first replacement app store appeared quickly, aptly code-named Panic App Store. Within a few days, they had firmware, core and third-party apps, all the dev tools, and more. And they preserved it all on a wiki, right down to the pinouts.
Meanwhile, Fitbit kept the servers running longer than expected. But the axe would fall in June 2018, and a replacement was needed. Using her inside knowledge of Pebble’s server setup, and painstakingly working through a man-in-the-middle proxy, Berry, the ex-Pebbler, created replacement web services for nearly everything Pebble had provided. With just 16 days until the shutdown, Rebble opened up account sign-ups. When Fitbit finally killed Pebble’s servers, Rebble was ready the next day.
More than 177,000 people have connected their devices to Rebble’s services. Not everything can be free, because the APIs for voice dictation and weather are not cheap—$750,000 per year, if 100,000 people used them, Berry said. And yet, nearly 9,000 people pay yearly subscriptions. Full disclosure, in case you haven’t guessed: I pay for Rebble’s services on my Time Steel, which I wore in our video about … the Apple Watch.
Keeping Pebbles Ticking
Pebble watches were built to hit low price points, with most models selling below $150. They are small devices, made by a company without a lot of manufacturing leverage. Most started out with week-long battery life, but the oldest devices are nearly seven years old now. Pebbles are prone to certain mechanical failures, and despite the success of the Rebble community, some are quite tricky to repair. But Rebble is working on it, and iFixit is eager to join in.
iFixit has a fraught history with Pebble’s hardware. We tore down the original Pebble, declining to give it a (likely poor) repairability score because we knew the startup was iterating on its designs. We also took apart the Pebble Time and no-heartrate-monitor SE edition of the Pebble 2. The iFixit community has provided some repair guides, but we’d like to do more. As of this writing, we’re sourcing batteries and spare parts for as many models as it makes sense to service, and hope to have more good news on this front soon. Those with experience fixing up Pebbles are invited to contribute to our guides.
3-D printing is another make-do solution. One Rebbler, Astosia, combined her CAD experience with the 3-D printer another Rebbler, Tation, has in the U.S.. Their Shapeways store is full of Pebble 2 cases and buttons for sale, because the silicone buttons on the original Pebble 2 are breaking down over time. “Removing the screen is stress-inducing,” Astosia said, but other than that, she claims a Pebble 2 case swap is a fairly straightforward transplant of internals. Pebble itself released the 3-D printing files for all its watches, so fans have been experimenting.
All Pebbles will eventually die, though. The goal, then, is to create an entirely self-built, reverse-engineered version of the Pebble’s original firmware: RebbleOS. And then find, or maybe hack together, future watch hardware on which it might run. This idea isn’t as crazy as it sounds—Pebble is based on FreeRTOS, an open-source kernel that supports a vast array of hardware. Already, some proofs of concept are running on Rebblers’ workspaces.
Joshua Wise, a lead developer with infectious enthusiasm, thinks a completely Rebble-built watch is more of a project management challenge than a moonshot. The biggest challenge to keeping Rebble running on existing Pebbles is triaging Pebble’s smartphone apps, which occasionally disappear from their respective iOS and Android stores. Beyond that, it’s about freeing up time to experiment and dream of the future—and getting Bluetooth to work reliably, which is “always a pain in the butt,” Wise said.
Migicovsky, now a partner at Y Combinator, is actively using Rebble, and is proud of Pebble’s longevity. “Every so often I take out my OG Pebble that I grabbed off the assembly line—one of the first ones,” Migicovsky told me. “Its manufacture date was December 26, 2012!”
Not many modern, web-connected devices live on for years after their maker goes out of business and shuts down its servers. Fewer still have not only an active repair and support community, but a forward-looking mission. Rebble is a welcoming, open-source, community-minded effort, with a responsible financial model behind it. It’s hard to believe it exists, and feels like some still-raw chunk of 2013 tech optimism that can’t possibly survive into the future.
Except, it might.
40 件のコメント
Just for the record there is a Facebook group Pebble Junkies and an associated website pebblejunkies.com comprised of enthusiasts trying to keep Pebbles alive.
Alan Hardy - 返信
thank you!!!!
Elmer Lemus -
I missed the original Pebble KS but made it to the Pebble Time KS and picked up both the Time and Time Steel. Still wear my Steel nearly every day and pay for Rebble services. Love what you guys have done and hope to continue to use my Pebble long into the future.
im0001 - 返信
I still have my original Kickstarter Edition Pebble 1. I loved that watch, but the power and features of the Apple Watch finally made me relegate it to the back of a drawer. But I do remember the amazed looks I would get when I would use my Pebble to check a text or decide if I needed to take a call. It was a really fun time.
Eric Johnston - 返信
Lovely article, reminded me a lot of mixed feelings, I still rock my Time Steel every day and will use it until it dies, also I use a plastic Pebble Time for the gym and still keep my now dead OG Pebble, it’s a truly shame that there isn’t any real alternative for these awesome watches.
Eliasv!l3 L. - 返信
My Garmin instinct is pretty close to the pebble. I would hazard a guess that Garmin actually took some ideas from pebble. I still have have 2 x ogs 1 x time and a time steel that I still use.
David -
I’m still rocking my Pebble Time Steel every day. I hope I can keep it on my wrist for several years to come.
Randy Spears - 返信
I loved my Pebble. I remember getting ready one morning and receiving that email from Pebble telling me the company was done. I couldn’t believe it. It was a great watch, but time has moved on. Garmin, Apple, Fitbit, Withings all make fantastic smart (/fitness) watches. I loved that Pebble Time, that original Pebble, that Pebble Steel I owned, but there are so many alternatives out there now. I wish the Rebble crew all the best but my Pebble Steel sits in its original box in the closet these days. Well just checked my Apple Watch. Gotta go!
JDavidL - 返信
You are a traitor. Lol!!
John Anthony -
Glad I got my Pebble a little later than you. I never got the bad news. I just got a great smartwatch at a fabulous price. The replacement system was already in place so I just used my watch. It does so much more than anything in it's price range. I still love it! Plus, it just works so well. It's Feb. 2020 now and I just ordered another one.
Diane C.
Di Cooke -
Hi. Does anyone know where we can get the original Pebble app for iOS? I mean I just got the Pebble, secondhand one recently and tried to sync it with Rebble app on my iOS device. But finally, I realized that I could not use the Rebble app without the Pebble app.
pebble - 返信
I’m still rocking my original Pebble I bought in 2013. My dad won a Pebble Time in a raffle and let me use it since he already had an Apple watch. I used the Time for a few years and gave my original black Pebble to my girlfriend. Screen tearing got to be too much for her to deal with so I got that repaired and let her use my Pebble. She liked it so much she kept it while I went back to my original watch.
phillip.courtright - 返信
Love my Time Steel, pay a yearly subscription to Rebble, and hope to keep on Pebbling for many years to come! :^)
Andy H - 返信
Thrilled to have run across this thread… wear my OG Pebble everyday and just figured there was no hope for the apps that stopped working.
Had no idea they had been born again.
Ken Koch - 返信
I still rock my kickstarter pebble time still and subscribe to rebble services, long live pebble and rebble
Spikedtongues - 返信
I wear my Time Round every day. There is nothing like it on the market, so I am a proud paying member of the Rebble Alliance. How no other company can put forth something like my Time Round is both depressing and astounding. I don't need my smart watch to tell me I'm overstressed and unhealthy, I just need it to notify me of my messages and be thin enough to look like an actual watch and not a rock on my wrist. Pebble Time Round, the perfect watch hardware. Am I the only person who would buy the next generation of this perfect watch when mine finally gives up its last breath for me? Kudos to Rebble for limping my perfect smart watch into the future until the battery finally gives out. Maybe the next generation of my Time Round could have a graphine battery? Someone with capital and more smarts than me could do it. Who else is with my undying support of that??
John Anthony - 返信
Sad part is, if Pebble launched today in 2019, I think it would be seen as an awesome alternative to the Apple Watch and would do quite well. They, much like many tech companies before them (Commodore anyone?) were just a little bit before the right time and don’t survive. If a company created a Pebble Time today, I’d seriously consider buying it. I don’t understand why Fitbit didn’t take the Pebble and run with it. Rename it the Fitbit E-Ink or something. They really dropped the ball at Fitbit with the Pebble diamond they acquired.
JDavidL -
I smiled when I saw the praise heaped on the “game changing” always-on screen on the latest Apple Watch. I’m using a Fossil WearOS now, until I get around to fixing the buttons on my Pebble 2, and I charge it every. single. day, and occasionally have to tap the screen to see the time. It does other things well, better than any Pebble, but it’s still not as good overall, for three times the price and with 2 or 3 years of developments…
Ian Mackereth - 返信
3 Pebble 2s running great on funded Rebble accounts at my house. I have 4 other Sports/SmartWatches that Mr. Ticks suggested might be a good replacement, hanging from a nail on the edge of a shelf. Nothing touches Pebble/Rebble’s feature set-battery life-footprint.
Fred Burg - 返信
I love my Pebble time. It does all I want and the battery still lasts longer than any other smart watch around. I’ll keep using it till it dies. Why wouldn’t I? Martin Clark
Martin Clark - 返信
I found the real problem with my original steel 401S
screen problem due to the display contact strip being too short. It would move when buttons pushed.
I pulled it apart not easy the buttons clip in but with a spacer at the end of the contact rubber strip the watch has never gone wrong again. It’s my ruff job watch. It’s a shame a small thing can cause a big problem! It’s a really strong watch apart from that fault. The Amazefit bip almost looks as it was made with pebble replacement in mind.
My 3 pebbles are all going strong so no need to look elsewhere until Apple throws there hate filled spanner in a update on iOS.
Paul Almeida - 返信
I still wear my Pebble Round daily. After a couple years of use I knocked off the crystal, so lost use of my Pebble until I went online and found a store demo version for sale cheap that I could cannibalize for parts. That worked for a while, but it wasn't waterproof and I got it wet a few times and the battery life plummeted. I found a new one online, but discovered that Pebble was going away. Yay for Rebble! I bought a new Pebble Round on eBay and joined the alliance (I'm one of the paying subscribers). At work I can discreetly view calls, emails, or texts or respond to calls or texts without taking out my phone. Since it integrates with my calendar I use it multiple times a day to check my schedule and meeting locations. But when not in use, it's a clean, simple analog watchface, except when I put the snowman watchface on for Christmas… or other fun choices from the Rebble Store.
Marina Roell - 返信
I have an original pebble, and have bought the Rebble subscription, but I'm having trouble getting it up and running. I've searched and found firmware upgrades but I can't get it loading. Any help would be awesome!
hbmcc342@gmail.com
Hugh McCulloch - 返信
I picked up my second Pebble Time on Amazon right before Fitbit shutdown the servers and after my first Pebble Time succumbed to water intrusion after a swim. My current Pebble is an awesome resilient piece of engineering. So my battery life is a solid 24 hours now, it still gets me through my day and has stood up to what my life brings. I like to tell my friends my Pebble Time is “Life-Proof”!
Shannon Oswald - 返信
Lovely article. The dream is new rebble hardware. Here is my pebble original battery replacement video. https://youtu.be/WEs2i2CSits
Paul Lasky - 返信
I nearly gave up on my Pebble Steel when I reloaded my Galaxy GS5, but then it just started to work again so I still wear it every day! Without a doubt the best, most reliable and toughest watch I have ever owned in 60 years of wearing a wrist watch, what ever will I replace it with? Certainly not anything that begins with a lower case “i”!
Clive Richardson
Clive Richardson - 返信
Ha! So true! I love my Pebble too! It just does what I tell it to do.
Di Cooke -
So when can we expect availability of Pebble replacement parts from iFixit?
latokuschner - 返信
somebody should start something like this for windows phone
Raja Kumbang - 返信
I think Pebble is the best smartwatch out there. It's really a shame they have to shutdown. And fitbit is an idiot not to take advantage of the community to develop its own Pebble brand.
Bayu - 返信
Love my Pebble Time Steel and my wife loves hers also - we both wear ours every day. Have yet to see anything come close to it in longevity and function yet. I am also a Rebbler and switched over as soon as I could.
New Rebble hardware would be sweet!
Jesse Kinross-Smith - 返信
“Any Android device more than a couple years old” can still receive updates. Many manufacturers are supplying 3 years of updates, and it’s really not that hard to install your own Android offshoot and keep it running for much longer — I hope you would know this, considering where you work. I ran my Nexus 6 for 5 years before reselling it.
So your jab comparing 2-year-old Android phones that may not receive software updates automatcially to IoT devices being completely shut down is disingenuous at best. SMH
Adam Hintz - 返信
Yes, I noticed that comment too. I have an Android phone that is at least a few years old. My daughter's is more like 4-5 years old and aside from the battery life going down, is working great. And she's on the thing all the time (being a teenager). Ha! The comment you made reference to certainly doesn't seem accurate to me either. Thanks. Diane
Di Cooke -
I was so disapointed when i heard that fit bit was shutting down the servers but rebble saved me. I paid for a years worth of subscription and will keep paying every year. I love my pebble time, it does everything i need it to. Too bad the Time 2 never manifested but maybe you guys can get to work on that too? Id be your first customer !!!
Paul - 返信
Which watches are you supplying parts for, and where can I find these parts? I can't find them on your online store, but I want to keep using a pebble as long as I can.
Thomas Salter - 返信
Just picked up the pebble time round 14mm on Amazon for $79, I also have the plastic red one, and the pebble steel both b/w, which I got before this recent purchase. Amazon even let me get a 2yr warranty with it. I was pleasently supprised with the features I gained. Voice response which converts to text, and the amount of upgraded apps and watchface for a round color display is insane, compared to the older square ones, who would have thought that just the shape of the display would let you gain access to so much more. There are a few older items that don't work but, it has really been fun. Also full 24 hours of battery, so I can use it at work all day, charge for 10 min while getting ready for bed, track sleep with the built in app, which syncs with Google fit, top it off when getting ready for work in the am and repeat. Rebble subscription brings me the voice control and weather, fully worth it to support some awesome devs!
Lee Geissbuhler - 返信
I love my pebble round. It was the first pebble round I had and I still have it. When Google shut down the pebble app I lost the use of pebble round. I haven't been able to get it to work because of the lost of the pebble app. I have tried everything to get it working again but to no avail. I'm hoping that one day I'll get my pebble back on rebble again.
millerjorge75 - 返信
Just download de app from somwhere else and side load it.
Try apkpure server. https://m.apkpure.com/pebble/com.getpebb...
Have fun.
Radu Rus -
I’m paying for the weather and dictate fee but I don’t know how to use the dictate. Please help!
Dorothy Ehasz - 返信
I love my pebble time round! One day about a year ago, I happen to notice that the crystal was hanging loose! The adhesive on the gasket underneath had given out. So sad! Especially since I can't seem to find replacement gaskets for it. Does anyone have any suggestions? The watch still works, and I use it as a clock for my bathroom.
Susan Ritchie - 返信