The laptop should be able to run off the charger only when battery is disconnected.
- If you disconnect battery and laptop works using charger only, replace the battery.
- If you disconnect battery and laptop cannot run from the charger, it means it has a board level failure.
The failing part may be the I/O board, the main logic board, or like as I just recently encountered, both I/O and main board.
Furthermore, the battery info as you've shown us seems to indicate that it is fine but not being charged by the laptop.
There is no easy way to diagnose I/O vs. main board except by testing with known good ones to narrow it down.